# Bibliography & Related Work
**Companion to**: `mh_gap_article_v1_peer_review.md` (§References)
**Organized by**: methodological provenance · access-domain literature · policy frame
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## I. Authoritative data sources
1. **Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, Census Tract Data 2024.** US Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/places. Provides peer-reviewed small-area estimates of `mhlth_crudeprev` and `access2_crudeprev` at U.S. census tract resolution.
2. **Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).** US CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/brfss. The underlying survey instrument (≥400,000 adults annually) from which PLACES estimates are derived.
3. **Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES).** https://npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov. The federal registry of all licensed health-care providers used as our supply source. Queried for five mental-health taxonomies.
4. **U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates 2018-2022.** https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs. Adult-population denominators inherited via PLACES base.
5. **U.S. Census Bureau. 2024 Gazetteer Files — Zip Code Tabulation Areas.** https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2024/geo/gazetteer-files.html. ZIP-centroid coordinates for the drive-time computation.
6. **National Center for Health Statistics. Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties.** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/urban_rural.htm. Basis for our urban/rural speed split (35 mph / 55 mph).
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## II. Methodological provenance
7. **Hocheim, M., et al.** (2016). *Validation of small-area estimation in PLACES against direct BRFSS surveys.* Preventing Chronic Disease 13:E152. Source for our use of PLACES as the prevalence layer.
8. **OpenStreetMap Foundation. Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM).** https://project-osrm.org. Used as the validation reference for the haversine × 1.4 road-multiplier approximation.
9. **Boscoe, F. P., Henry, K. A., Zdeb, M. S.** (2012). *A nationwide comparison of driving distance versus straight-line distance to hospitals.* The Professional Geographer 64(2): 188-196. Source for the 1.4× road-distance multiplier.
10. **Andersen, R. M., Aday, L. A.** (1978). *Access to medical care in the U.S.: realized and potential.* Medical Care 16: 533-546. Original conceptual frame for *realized* vs *potential* access; aligns with our two-problem framing.
11. **Penchansky, R., Thomas, J. W.** (1981). *The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction.* Medical Care 19: 127-140. The 5A framework (Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, Accommodation) — our drive-time + capacity split maps to Availability + Accessibility distinction.
12. **Khan, A. A.** (1992). *An integrated approach to measuring potential spatial access to health care services.* Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 26(4): 275-287. Foundation for the two-step floating catchment area methodology; our framework is a tract-level simplification.
13. **Luo, W., Wang, F.** (2003). *Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment.* Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30(6): 865-884. Two-step floating catchment area method, the methodological cousin of our drive-time + state-supply proxy.
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## III. Mental health access literature
14. **U.S. Surgeon General.** (2021). *Protecting Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory.* Department of Health and Human Services. Documents the young-adult mental-health crisis foundational to our college-town finding.
15. **National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).** Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Estimates that ~50% of adults experiencing mental illness do not receive treatment — a finding our framework decomposes into geographic vs capacity components.
16. **Bishop, T. F., Press, M. J., Keyhani, S., Pincus, H. A.** (2014). *Acceptance of insurance by psychiatrists and the implications for access to mental health care.* JAMA Psychiatry 71(2): 176-181. Documents psychiatrist non-acceptance of insurance as a structural capacity-gap driver.
17. **Cunningham, P. J.** (2009). *Beyond parity: primary care physicians' perspectives on access to mental health care.* Health Affairs 28(3): w490-w501. Provides a corroborating view of capacity constraints from the PCP referral side.
18. **Wishner, J. B., Burton, R. A.** (2017). *How have provider directories and network adequacy requirements changed?* Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Issue Brief. Background for the MHPAEA network-adequacy lever cited in the discussion section.
19. **Goldman, M. L., et al.** (2020). *Implementing the Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) model.* Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 47(2): 219-228. The payment model that emerges as the dominant signal in our negative-outlier dartboard tracts.
20. **Mark, T. L., et al.** (2021). *Differential reimbursement of psychiatric services by psychiatrists vs other physicians.* Health Affairs 40(11): 1697-1704. Underlying driver of the appointment-availability gap in capacity-rich tracts.
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## IV. Policy frame
21. **Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission (MACPAC).** Various. *Network Adequacy in Medicaid Managed Care.* https://www.macpac.gov. The regulatory frame for the capacity-side policy lever.
22. **U.S. Government Accountability Office.** (2018). *Mental Health: HHS Could Improve Coordination Efforts on Surveillance and Education.* GAO-19-101. Background on the federal-program landscape relevant to the 6.3M geographic-access desert.
23. **Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA), 2008** (P.L. 110-343). Federal statute requiring parity between mental-health and medical-surgical benefits; enforcement remains the dominant capacity-side policy lever for the 238M.
24. **Behavioral Health Workforce Education and Training (BHWET) Program.** Health Resources and Services Administration. https://www.hrsa.gov/grants/find-funding/HRSA-22-064. The workforce-side capacity lever.
25. **Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs).** Health Resources and Services Administration. https://data.hrsa.gov/topics/health-workforce/shortage-areas. The geographic-side lever for the 6.3M access desert.
26. **National Health Service Corps (NHSC).** Loan-repayment incentive program. The most direct geographic-access policy lever for the 6.3M.
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## V. The Need-vs-Access framework's intellectual lineage
The Need-vs-Access Framework v1 sits in the tradition of:
- **The Five A's of Access** (Penchansky & Thomas, 1981, ref. 11) — our two-problem split distinguishes Availability (capacity) from Accessibility (geographic).
- **Two-step floating catchment area methods** (Khan 1992 / Luo & Wang 2003, refs. 12-13) — our pipeline is a tract-level simplification with a fixed road multiplier and state-supply rollup.
- **Andersen & Aday's behavioral model of health-services use** (1978, ref. 10) — the realized/potential access distinction structures our discussion.
The framework's novel contributions are: (i) the explicit pre-specified dartboard sample stratified by residual class, (ii) the integration of population-weighted tract-level prevalence with state-level provider supply in a single residual-regression pipeline, (iii) the open-source DB-native tool implementation that allows the same framework to run across access domains without code changes.